Sobanukirwa ibijyanye n’igikorwa cyo gutanga amaraso

Mu mwaka wa 1628, niho umuganga w’icyamamare w’Umwongereza William Harvey yavumbuye uko amaraso atembera mu mubiri. Mu mwaka wa 1665 ni bwo kuvuza amaraso byageragejwe bwa mbere hakoreshejwe amaraso y’inyamaswa, gusa iryo gerageza ntiryagenze neza kuko abayahawe bose bapfuye, bituma bihagarikwa.

Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19, undi muganga w’Umwongereza w’inzobere mu byo kubyaza witwa Blundell yasobanuye ibibazo by’uburwayi bituruka ku gutakaza amaraso menshi n’ uburyo byakosorwa no guhabwa amaraso maze aba uwa mbere mu kuvuza amaraso y’ abantu ndetse agaragaza ko umuntu adashobora guhabwa amaraso y’ inyamaswa.

Mu mwaka wa 1901, ni ho umuganga wo muri Otirishiya witwa Karl Landersteiner yavumbuye ubwoko bw’amaraso uko ari bune n’ibibazo biterwa no guhabwa amaraso adahuje ubwoko n’ayawe.

Ibyo byagendeweho mu ntambara ya mbere y’ isi yose maze inkomere z’intambara zibasha guhabwa amaraso. Kubera ubwinshi bw’ abari bakeneye amaraso hatekerejwe uburyo amaraso yaboneka igihe cyose mu bubiko bwabigenewe. Ibyo byagezweho mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi yose hakoreshejwe uburyo bunyuranye nko kuyagura no kwitabaza imiryango y’abayakeneye.

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima (WHO/OMS), ushingiye ku bibazo bishobora kuvuka mu guhabwa amaraso nko kuba umuntu yahandurira indwara zinyuranye harimo na SIDA, watanze inama zo guteza imbere uburyo bwo gutanga amaraso ku bushake nyir’ukubikora nta gihembo ategereje.

Mu Rwanda, mbere ya 1976 abagize umuryango w’umurwayi n’inshuti zawo ni bo bonyine basabwaga kubonera umurwayi wabo amaraso. Umurwayi yashoboraga kuhatakariza ubuzima kubera igihe cyashiraga ayo maraso agishakishwa abayatanga babuze kubera ko wenda umurwayi ari nyakamwe, cyangwa se banabonetse ariko ntibahuze n’umurwayi ubwoko bw’amaraso.

Ikindi kibazo kandi gikomeye cyane ni uko nta gihe cyabonekaga kugira ngo ayo maraso apimwe mbere yo guhabwa umurwayi, bityo bikaba byarashobokaga ko umurwayi ahandurira indwara zinyuranye.

Mu mwaka wa 1976, umuryango utabara imbabare w’u Rwanda(Croix-Rouge Rwandaise) ufatanyije n’ uw’Ububiligi (Croix-Rouge de Belgique) washyizeho serivise ishinzwe gushakira amaraso abarwayi yiswe icyo gihe «Umushinga wo Gutanga Amaraso». Kuva icyo gihe, hatangiye gahunda yo gukangurira abantu gutanga amaraso ku bushake nta gihembo bategereje.

Uretse gupima ubwoko bw’ amaraso, ku maraso yabaga yatanzwe hapimwagamo malaria, mburugu n’umwijima wo mu bwoko bwa B.

Mu mwaka wa 1985, hatangijwe gahunda yo gupima virusi itera SIDA, mu wa 1999 hatangizwa gahunda yo gupima umwijima wo mu bwoko bwa C. Icyo gihe hariho ibigo bitandatu byo gutanga amaraso (Kigali, Butare, Ruhengeri, Rwamagana, Gisenyi na Kibuye), ubuyobozi bufite icyicaro i Kigali.

Nyuma ya jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, iyo serivise yahinduye izina yitwa «Porogaramu y’Igihugu yo Gutanga Amaraso» (PNTS) igizwe n’ ibigo bitatu gusa (Kigali, Butare na Ruhengeri).

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 kugeza magingo aya, Porogaramu yo Gutanga Amaraso yemewe nk’Ikigo cya Leta kigengwa na Minisiteri y’ Ubuzima maze ihindura izina yitwa Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Gutanga Amaraso (NCBT/CNTS). Kuri ubu, NCBT-CNTS ibarizwa mu kigo RBC (Rwanda Bio-medical Centre).

Icyo kigo gifite inshingano zo kubonera amaraso abarwayi bayakeneye hakoreshejwe gusa uburyo bwo gutanga amaraso ku bushake nta gihembo umuntu ategereje.

Kugeza ubu iki kigo gifite icyicaro mu mujyi wa Kigali ari naho hari RCBT Kigali (Regional Centre for Blood Transfusion / Kigali), kikagira andi mashami 4 ari yo: RCBT Huye (mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo), RCBT Ruhengeri (mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru), RCBT Rwamagana (mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba) na RCBT Karongi (mu ntara y’ Iburengerazuba).

Icyicaro gikuru cya RBC/NCBT-CNTS giherereye i Kigali, mu Murenge wa Nyarugenge, ahateganye na Hoteri Serena.

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