Udukoko dutera indwara tugabanyije mu bice bine: Bagiteri, Fungus, Protozoa na za Virusi

Udukoko dutera umuntu indwara akenshi ntidukunze kuboneshwa ijisho. Utwo dukoko tuboneka hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Utwo dukoko tugabanijemo ibice bine by’ingenzi aribyo bagiteri, fungus, protozoa ndetse na za virusi. Utu dukoko tuba ahantu aho ari ho hose yaba mu kirere, mu byo turya, mu bimera, mu nyamaswa, ku butaka, mu mazi ndetse n’ahandi hantu aho ari ho hose emwe no ku mubiri w’umuntu ntituhatangwa.
Tumwe muri utu dokoko dushobora kutangiza umubiri w’umuntu kubera abasirikare bawurinda ariko hari n’utundi dufite ubukana bukabije cyane bubasha kuganza imbaraga z’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri w’umuntu. Bityo twabakoreye ubushakashatsi ku mikorere y’utu dukoko, indwara dutera ndetse n’ibyo umuntu yakora kugira ngo atwirinde kandi abe yirinze n’indwara dutera.

Bagiteri

Ni tumwe mu dukoko tugizwe n’ingirangingo imwe tuboneshwa mikorosikopi gusa. Bagiteri zose siko zikururira umuntu kwandura indwara kuko 1% yazo niyo yatera indwara umubiri. Izisigaye zose ni ingenzi ku mikorere y’umubiri w’umuntu cyane cyane nk’iyitwa lactobacillus acidophilus iba mu mara y’umuntu, iyi ikaba ifite akamaro cyane mu igogorwa ry’ibyo umuntu aba yariye ndetse igashwanyaguza bimwe mu byinjira mu mubiri bishobora kumukururira icyorezo ndetse igaha n’umubiri ibiwutunga.
Bagiteri nyinshi zitera ibyorezo zivubura uburozi bugenda bukangiza ingirangingo(cells) z’umuntu bityo ubushobozi bw’umubiri bwo kwirinda bugacika intege nuko umuntu agahita arwara. Zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa na bagiteri twavuga nk’inkorora, gapfura, agatembwe, igituntu, indwara zifata imyanya inyuramo inkari, ibibyimba, umusonga, mugiga, imitezi n’izindi.

Virusi

Virusi nayo ni kamwe mu bwoko bw’udukoko duto cyane ugereranije n’ingirangingo z’umuntu. Virusi rero kugira ngo yororoke igira urundi rwungano rw’umubiri ruyakira bityo ikabasha kwihisha ari nako igenda ikura inororoka yangiza igice kiba cyayakiye. Mu gihe bagiteri zo ziba zifite ubuzima n’igihe ziri hanze y’umubiri, virusi yo iyo ikiri hanze nta buzima iba ifite bityo iba nta bushobozi ifite bwo kugira icyo yangiza. Zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa na virusi harimo sida, ibicurane, icyorezo cya ebola, gripe(influenza), uburagaza, mburugu, iseru, indwara z’umwijima, tirikomunasi ndetse n’ubushita.

Fungi

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’utu dukoko twibera mu bishanga, n’ahantu hashyuha. Twinshi muri two tuba no mu byo turya nk’ibihumyo, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa foromaje ndetse n’umusemburo uboneka muri bimwe turya nk’imigati n’ibindi bifite imisemburo. Gusa imisemburo iboneka muri ibi biribwa tumaze kuvuga nta kibazo ishobora gutera umubiri.
Hari utundi dukoko two muri ubu bwoko bwa fungi dutera indwara twavuga nk’akitwa candida, umusemburo utera bumwe mu buryaryate n’uburibwe umuntu agira mu muhogo ndetse n’umunwa cyane cyane ku bana bato cyangwa abantu baba bafata ibinini bigabanya ububabare(antibiotics) cyangwa abandi bafite ikibazo cy’intege nke z’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri wabo. Izindi ndwara ziterwa n’utu dukoko two mu bwoko bwa fungi harimo indwara z’uruhu nk’ise, barigugu, ibimeme, ibidido (kubyimba amaguru igice cyo hasi) ndetse no kubabuka iminwa.

Protozoa

Protozoa natwo ni udukoko dukunda kwibera ahantu hatose. Utu dukoko tugizwe n’ingirangingo imwe ,twitwara nk’utunyamaswa duto duhiga tugakusanya utundi dukoko(microbes) mu rwego rwo kubona ibidutunga. Utu dukoko akenshi dukunze kwibera mu mara y’umuntu ndetse tumwe muri two ntidutera ikibazo umubiri. Gusa hari utundi muri two dutera indwara nka maraliya, inzoka zo mu nda nka z’amibe, runwa(ascaris), ankeresitomu, kwandura kw’amaraso, teniya ariyo bita igihuka, ndetse n’izindi nzoka zo munda. Utu dukoko kandi dushobora gutera uburibwe mu mara bushobora gutuma umuntu agira impiswi, iseseme ndetse akanaribwa mu nda.

Ni gute wakwirinda utu dukoko

Nk’uko twabitangarijwe na Anicet Rucogoza, umwarimu mu gashami ka laburatwari muri KHI, ngo hari ibyo umuntu yakora mu kwirinda utu dokoko dutera abantu indwara. Mbere na mbere ngo isuku y’umubiri ndetse n’imyambaro irakenewe. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda utu dukoko cyane cyane bagiteri, fungus ndetse na protozoa, ni ngombwa ko abantu batora umuco wo gukaraba intoki. Ngo nubwo bamwe batagikaraba mbere yo kurya kubera iterambere ry’ibiyiko n’amafurusheti byadutse, ngo ni byiza ko abantu bakwigishwa gukaraba intoki mbere yo kurya, nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero, nyuma yo gusukura no guhindurira umwana witumye , mbere yo kugira ubufasha ukorera umurwayi kwa muganga, mbere y’uko umubyeyi yonsa umwana, mbere yo gutegura ibyo guteka no kurya, nyuma yo gukorakora amatungo yo mu rugo cyangwa inyamaswa ,nyuma yo kuva mu myitozo ngororamubiri, nyuma yo kwitsamura cyangwa gukorora. Ugomba gukaraba isabune n’amazi meza. Ahataboneka amazi n’isabune byaba byiza hakoreshejwe alukoro yagenewe gusukura intoki.

Yadutangarije kandi ko mu rwego rwo kwirinda twa dukoko dutera indwara z’uruhu ko ari byiza ko abantu bambara imyenda imeshe neza kandi yumye bihagije kandi itewe ipasi. Ngo ni byiza kandi ko abantu bagomba kugirira isuku aho batuye baharinda kuba ibihuru cyangwa kureka ibiziba nd’indi myanda kuko biri mu bibakururira utu dukoko tubatera indwara nk’imibu ndetse n’amasazi akwirakwiza tumwe muri utu dukoko. Kugira ubwiherero bwiza kandi bukorerwa isuku bukanapfundikirwa ni kimwe mu by’ingenzi mu gukumira tumwe muri twa dukoko cyane cyane udutera indwara y’impiswi, macinya, korera n’inzoka zo mu nda. Abantu kandi bakwiye kugirira isuku ibiribwa, amasahani n’ibindi bikoresho bariraho ndetse ntibibagirwe no gukoresha amazi meza mu gihe bategura ibyo kurya byabo. Ngo ni byiza ko bakoresha amazi asukuje umuti wa siro na pure cyangwa bagakoresha amazi atetse mu koza ibikoresho byo mu gikoni no mu kuronga ibyo guteka.

Abantu bakwiye kandi kwitwararika mu gihe bitsamura cyangwa bakorora kugira ngo badakwirakwiza udukoko mu mwuka baba basohoye. Ni byiza ko igihe umuntu yitsamuye akinga amazuru n’umunwa bye n’ikiganza. Igihe ufite inkorora ukwiye kubikorera mu kiganza cyawe. Ushobora gukoresha udutambaro nk’umuswara cyangwa utundi duhanaguzo ariko ukirinda kubijugunya aho ubonye hose kandi wamara kubikoresha ugakaraba intoki. Ikindi abantu bakwiye kwirinda ni ugucira aho babonye hose kuko nabyo biri mu bikwiza indwara nk’igituntu.

Abantu kandi bakwiye guha agaciro inkingo dore ko burya iyo ukingije umwana akivuka kandi agakurikirana inkingo uko zose zagenwe uba umuhaye ubudahangarwa ku ndwara. Si abana gusa kuko ngo n’abakuru bakeneye inkingo by’umwihariko inkingo z’ibicurane bikabije (ibikomoka ku biguruka, ingurube, gripe y’igikatu…) ndetse n’agakwega (tetanus).
Ni byiza kandi ko abantu bafata umuco wo kujya bafata imiti ibarinda utu dukoko mu rwego rwo kwikingira cyane ku batuye ahantu hibasirwa na maraliya.

Na none abantu bagomba kwirinda kwishora mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye mu gihe bakemanga uwo bayikorana nawe. Bityo hazaba hirinzwe virusi nk’iya sida, indwara z’umwijima(hepatite B,C,D) ndetse n’izindi ndwara.

Ikindi tutakwirengagiza ni uko abantu bakwiye kurya neza kandi bakanakora imyitozo ngororamubiri ndetse bakanasinzira neza. Ibi bifasha umubiri kugira ubudahangarwa bityo ukabasha guhangana n’utu dokoko dutera indwara.

Amagara araseseka ntayorwa kandi kwirinda biruta kwivuza. Ni byiza ko twita ku isuku kandi tugakingiza abana ndetse tukava kuri wa muco wo kuvuga ngo hapfa uwavutse ngo kandi hica umutongero. Bityo ibi nitubigeraho tugahindura imyumvire tuzaba dufashije abantu kugira ubuzima n’imibereho myiza. Nta kabuza ubukungu bw’igihugu nabwo buzatera imbere dore ko umutungo u Rwanda rufite ari abaturage.

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