Amateka, Imvo n’imvano y’indwara y’Igituntu

Igituntu ni indwara izwi kuva mu myaka ibihumbi ishize kuko abashakashatsi babashije kubona ko hari n’imirambo y’abami bo mu gihugu cya Egiputa basanze bari barishwe n’igituntu icyo abagiriki bitaga “Phtsie” Fitisi mu ndimi z’amahanga.
Ngo n’ubwo igituntu cyaba cyarasobanuwe neza n’umuhanga Hippoctrate ngo nibura mu myaka ya 1882 nibwo uwitwa Robert Koch yabashije kuvumbura ino ndwara, izina rya Bagiteri itera ino ndwara bakaba bararyise “Bacille de Koch” kubera uyu mugabo wayivumbuye mu kubimwitirira.

Igituntu cyatangiye gukomera mu kinyejana cya 18 kugeza no mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 19. Muri iki gihe umuti ukaba nta wundi bakoreshaga uretse uburyo bwo gukorera isuku ucyirwaye ndetse akanaruhukira mu mazu bitaga “Sanatoriums”. Uburyo bw’isuku ni ukudatuma agumana amacandwe cyangwa ibikororwa hafi ye ari ukubijugunya ndetse bagasukura aho ari naho yafunguriye bukaba bwari uburyo bwonyine bwo gukira iyi ndwara ndetse no gutuma idakwirakwira ahantu hatandukanye. Ubundi icyi cyumba cyaruhukiragamo abantu kizwi kw’izina rya Sanatorium; cyikaba cyarafunguwe bwa mbere mu gihugu cy’Ubudage.

Mu mwaka wa 1924, Albert CALMETTE na Alfonse GUERIN bakaba baravumbuye urukingo rw’igituntu rwiswe urukingo rwa “Calmette na Guerin « BCG », ari bo baruvumbuye.

Mu mwaka wa 1944 uwitwa S.A. WAKSMAN umuhanga mu by’ubuvuzi icyo gihe, yavumbuye Antibiyotiki (ntibiotique) irwanya aka gakoko ka “Bacille de Koch” rwiswe “Streptomycine”. Indi miti ikaba yaravumbuwe mu myaka 20, yakurikiyeho iyo bita Izoniyazide (isoniazide), Aside paraminosoliatiki (Acide paraminosolyatique), Piyirasinamide (Pyrazinamide), (Etamburotori) éthambutol n’uwitwa Rifampisini (Rifampicine).

Mu gihe cy’imyaka 20 ishize abahanga mu by’ubuvuzi batangaga inama zitandukanye zituma umuntu yirinda ndetse akaba yanakira ino ndwara muri zo hakaba harimo kwitwaza akantu waciramo, kudacira ahantu hose ubonye, ndetse no kwirinda kunywa amata y’inka zirwaye igituntu.

Kugira ngo ubu Burwayi butandurwa n’abantu batandukanye mu bihe iyi ndwara yarimo yica abantu benshi ndetse no muri iki gihe ibyiza abajyanama b’ubuzima basaba abantu harimo kudacira ahantu hose uko biboneye cyane aho abantu benshi bahurira bakavuga ko nibura umuntu ufite iyi ndwara abigize neza yajya yitwaza ako aciramo yitwaza mu mufuka we; kuko ngo habaho ubwoko bw’udukoresho ducirwamo ndetse tugasukurwa nyuma.

Ikindi bavugaga ko ari byiza Kurwanya isazi zibasira amata y’inka ndetse no kwirinda kunywa amata y’inka zirwaye igituntu. Gusukura imyambaro bayihanagura ndetse no mu mazu babamo. Izi nama zikaba ari izatangwaga mu myaka 40.

Twifashishije igitabo kitwa "Sciences Naturelles, classe de Troisième" cyanditwse na Georges BRESSE na Christian SCHLEGEL mu mwaka wa 1956.

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