Mu bushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara n’impuguke mu buzima bw’abantu, bwagaragaje ko mu gihe ibyo kurya bitwawe nabi mu gihe cy’izuba ryinshi, bibitswe nabi, cyangwa se biteguwe nabi ku buryo butinze bikenda kubora, ngo bishobora kuba inzira ya tumwe mu dukoko cyangwa se microbes zatera indwara umuntu ku buryo adasobanukiwe. Ibi biba ahanini mu byo kurya umuntu yitwaza ari ku rugendo rurerure rumusaba kurya ataragera iyo ajya.
Ese ni gute wamenya ibyo bintu warya bikakugiraho ingaruka ku buzima bwawe ? Ni gutese wakwirinda ukanivuza izo ndwara z’urudaca wakwandurira muri ibyo biribwa wiguriye ? Mu gusubiza ibi bibazo turibanda ku bushakashatsi bwa professeur Robert Benamouzig umukuru wa serivise ishinzwe indwara zo munda (gastro-entérologie) mu bitaro bya Avicenne de Bobigny mu gihugu cy’ubufaransa.
Mu gihe umuntu ari ku rugendo yitwaje ibyo kurya ; byaba bibisi cg se biteguye mu buryo bugezweho ubu, mu gihe bigendanwe igihe kirekire, umuntu ava mu gace kamwe ajya mu kandi ; ava mu gihugu ajya mu kindi nko ku bakerarugendo ; bitewe n’uko ako gace aba gezemo kaba kihariye mu mihindukire y’ikirere haba mu bushyuhae cg se ubukonje, Ibyo byo kurya aba yitwaje igihe kirekire ku zuba ngo bishobora kumutera indwara mu gihe abiriye ; n’ubwo mu busanzwe ikintu cyose cyo kurya cyabitswe neza kiba ari nta ngaruka mbi cyagira ku buzima bw’umuntu ; nk’uko professeur Benamouzig abivuga.
Mwitondere Inyama, Amagi ndetse na Kereme (crèmes) Ikibazo ngo ni uko niba wazindukiye ku rugendo cyangwa se umukererugendo aribwo bwa mbere na mbere aguze ibyo bintu aho barira (Restaurent), muri kiosque no mu masoko manini (supermarché), aba atabanje kumenya neza ko niba ibyo byo kurya ajyanye ku rugendo rwa kure byujuje ubuziranenge.
Gusa, nubwo umugenzi yabona bimwe mu bimenyetso bimwereka ko ibyo byo kurya bitujuje ubuziranenye, akenshi barabyirengagiza. Ingaruka akenshi ngo iba ishingiye mu kuva mu bukonje bwinshi bw’ikiribwa (nko muri firigo) kijya mu bushyuhe bwinshi ku zuba mbere y’uko umuntu akirya kigahita cyangirika.
Muri ibyo byokurya bishobora kwangirika vuba mu gihe umuntu abikoranye urugendo rurerure ku zuba, harimo nka kereme, icecream, utubumbe dukoze mu nyama (bourrettes), sauccisson, amagi, Ibikoze mu nyama n’inyama ndetse n’ibindi ; ngo kuko nk’inyama ziseye zoroherereza udukoko na microbe kuba zakwinjiramo mu gihe zaba zitabitswe neza ahantu habugenewe.
Nk’ uko John Wiley & Sons abivuga mu gitabo cye, zimwe mu ndwara zikomoka mu kwandura no kwangirika kw’ibyo kurya harimo izo yise boltulism intoxication (iterwa cyane n’imitenore), salmonellosis infection (Ishobora guterwa n’amagi, n’ibikomoka ku nyama byangiritse, salade, ndetse n’ibindi byo kurya byifitemo intungamubri ya poroteyine (‘protein’) na shigellosis infection (nayo ngo ishobora guterwa n’ imitonore y’ibishyimbo byangiritse bitetse).
Gusa uramutse ushaka kumenya byinshi birenzeho kuri ubu bushakashatsi wasoma iki gitabo cya John Wiley & Sons cya gatatu (3rd Edition) cyashyizwe ahagaragara mu mwaka w’1985.
Ese iyi ndwara irica ?
Nk’uko muganga Benamouzig. Abivuga ; iyi ndwara ya tourista (Impiswi z’umugenzi) ubundi ngo ushobora kuyandura mu buryo buziguye n’ubutaziguye (directe ou indirecte).
Mu gihe umuntu afashwe ku buryo bw’ako kanya (Directe), umurwayi ashobora gutangira kubabara munda, akagira isesemi, akanahitwa ariko bidakomeye cyane. Mu gihe nano za microbes zigeze mu mubiri zikabanza kwisuganya umwanya muremurere (indirectement), aho ngo nibwo zituma umuntu ahitwa amaraso rimwe na rimwe, akababara mu nda bikabije, akagira isesemi, akanaruka.
Mu gihe bimeze gutyo, umurwayi agomba kwihutishwa ku bitaro bimwegereye mu gihe yatangiye kugaragaza ibyo bimenyetso. Icyakora, ibi ntibikunze kubaho cyane ngo bihitane abantu benshi .
Ese izi ndwara zikomoka ku byo kurya byanduye ziravurwa zigakira ?
Nk’uko umuganga.com rubikesha John Wiley & Sons mu gitabo cye yise « Food Service Sanitation ku rupapuro rwacyo rwa 41 » iyi ndwara iravurwa igakira ku buryo butagoranye cyane. Abenshi banazikira bativuje. Akenshi na kenshi, izi ndwara zigaragaza ibimenyetso bidakanganye cyane ku buryo mu masaha 48 umuntu ashobora kuba yakize. Harimo nko kubabara mu nda gahoro cyangwa cyane, kwituma ibyoroshye bitarimo amaraso, kugira isesemi, kuruka nabyo bidakanganye.
Mu kwivura ndetse no kwivuza izi ndwara zikomoka ku byo kurya byanduye, umurwayi asabwa kunywa amazi menshi arimo umunyu n’isukari ava kwa muganga, aho bacuruza imiti ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko (pharmacie) cyangwa se ay’umuntu ku giti cye yiteguriye kandi neza. Iyo agiye kwa muganga, bamuha imiti igabanura isesemi no kuruka, ndetse n’imiti ivura impiswi (diarrhées).
Ni byiza gukaraba intoki buri gihe mu rwego rwo kwirinda kwanduza ibyo kurya kandi ushobora gusanga nabyo byari byisanganiwe umwanda. Mu rwego rwo kwirinda kuba wafatwa na « tourista » uri kurugendo rurerure kandi kuzuba, ni byiza gufata ibyo kurya bitangirika vuba, ukabibika neza ahantu hajyanye n’ubushyuhe wabibikanye ukibitegura kandi ugahitamo ibiribwa bitabora vuba mu gihe uri ku rugendo.
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